A Critical Edition of the “Risalat fi sharah al-Muqaddimāt al-Arba‘a min Kitab al-Tavdhih” of Sheikh Al-Islam Mohammed Al-Makki and an Analytical Interpretation of the Work
Abstract
The literature of four premises (al-Muqaddimāt al-Arba'a) that is started by Sadr al-Sharī'ah (d.747/1346) and also is commented with affective and criticizing footnote by Sa'd al-Dīn al-Taftazānī (d.791/1390), centralizes the struggles of human beings in the form of connection with the problem of husn and qubh (goodness-badness) in the field of Kalam (Islamic Philosophy & logic) and Fiqh (Islamic Law). It is investigated in this treatise the matter having very close relation with the problem mentioned above, the definitions, content and relying on the extension of qudra (power/authority), fi'l (action/practice) and 'iirada (will) their existence, knowledge and relation with other fields to fix the equation of free will-responsibility in its basis. In this context, there is an Arabic treatise in written form of Mohammed Al-Makki, one of the Sheikh Al-Islam (chief justice) of ottoman empire in the age of eighteenth century, named as "Risalat fi sharah al-Muqaddimāt al-Arba'a min Kitab al-Tavdhih" is specially appropriated with this tradition. This treatise by starting with the analyze of concepts examines the basic claims and proofs of the schools of thought like Mu'tazila, Jabariyya, Ash'ariyya and Maturidiyya respectively. It defines the common and different points of these approaches with comparison and discernment. Finally, it paves the road to interrogate the following the laws of classical logic by putting in order the equivalent premises of the syllogism to the proofs of opinions related to Ash'aris and Maturidies. This article targets the treatise that is studied by our research through the registrations of library with becoming bound to the basis of scientific investigation depending on the only one manuscript that could be proved as to publish it first time, to do a little analyze and to add a different contribution to this literature.