Fârâbî ve Mâturîdîde Allah-Âlem İlişkisi

Abstract

<jats:p>The problem of the God-universe relationship is one of the fundamental metaphysical issues that has led to intense debates among the schools and traditions of philosophy and kalām in Islamic thought. The aim of this study is to analyze and comparatively examine the approaches of Imām al-Māturīdī-one of the prominent representatives of the kalām tradition-and al-Fārābī-one of the founding figures of Islamic philosophy- regarding the God-universe relationship, in the context of their respective philosophical and theological traditions. Furthermore, the study identifies how al-Fārābīs and al-Māturīdīs conceptions of God shape their understanding of the universe. The scope of the thesis is limited to a comparative analysis of their views within the framework of classical metaphysical and theological sources. A qualitative research method with a critical approach has been employed. Al-Fārābīs works on philosophy and primary texts in al-Māturīdīs field of kalām were primarily utilized. In addition to the classical sources that serve the scope of the thesis, relevant modern literature and secondary sources have also been used. In this respect, the study makes an original contribution to the literature as the first research that directly and comparatively analyzes the perspectives of al-Fārābī and al-Māturīdī on the God-universe relationship. As a philosopher of the Neoplatonic tradition, al-Fārābī argues that the universe necessarily emanated from God through a process of emanation. In contrast, Imām al-Māturīdī, from the perspective of the hudūth theory, maintains that the universe was created by Gods absolute will and power out of nothing. Accordingly, Māturīdīs conception of God—who directly influences the universe with His essence and attributes—reflects the classical kalām understanding of a volitional and purposeful Creator. Al-Fārābī, on the other hand, presents a metaphysical view in which the existence of the universe is necessary and eternal due to its so