Mâtürîdî’nin Te’vîlât’ı Çerçevesinde Kur’ân’da Varlık Türleri Arasındaki Üstünlük Meselesi

Awtorlar

Annotasiýa

In the Qur'an, various types of creatures such as human, angel and gin are mentioned. Human has a special place in these species. According to the Qur'an, when Adam's creation was completed, Allah commanded the angels to prostrate themselves for Adam. In another verse, it is stated that man is superior to others. This gives rise to the idea of an ontological superiority. In the divine discourse, it is stated that man was created in the most beautiful way. On the other hand, it is said that it is capable of descending to the lowest level. In the Qur'an, the human being is said to be "superior to many created." In this case, the matter of man's superiority is a theological problem. The article attempts to find an answer to this problem within the framework of Maturidi's views. The issue of superiority entered the agenda of the kalamists on the following question: Is it permissible to imamate the mefdul while there is Efdal? It has been discussed in the history of Islam that the companions and subsequent generations can be superior to other generations. Finally, the issue of ontological superiority, which is also the subject of our article, has been discussed by many theologians. Maturidi approached the issue in the context of the following verse: “Indeed, the most noble of you in the sight of Allah is the most righteous of you. Indeed, Allah is Knowing and Acquainted.” Maturidi emphasizes that it is not the substance of creation that determines superiority. As a matter of fact, there is no clear verse or reliable hadith about it. On the other hand, Satan has claimed that he is superior to Adam because of his substance of being. As a result of our study, it has been seen that Maturidi brings humanity to the forefront in the human-genie comparison. In the human-angel comparison, it was found that he avoided making a choice.

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DergiPark (Istanbul University)

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