The Kalām Method of Abū Isḥāq Al-Zāhid Al-Ṣaffār (Ebû İshâk Zâhid Es-Saffâr’In Kelâm Yöntemi)

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English Abstract: Abū Isḥāq Ibrāhīm al-Zāhid al-Ṣaffār is one of the important representatives of the Kalām thought of the Ḥanafī-Māturīdī School. He was born in A.H. 450/ C.E. 1058 in Bukhara that is one of the city of Transoxiana/Mawara al-nahr where Maturidi School has been emerged around this socio-cultural environment. He completed his education and served as a leader (rais/ṣadr) of the Hanafite schol-ars there until he was exiled to the city of Marv. Upon his return from exile, he passed away in Bukhara in A.H. 534/ C.E. 1139. The present study aims to determine his method in Kalām. The introduction outlines the subject, significance, purpose, method and sources of the research. In this study, it was employed a method that focuses on a person in which he/she is examined with his/her views and thoughts by taking into account his/her socio-cultural factors. By doing this, the first chapter of this study deals with the political, socio-economic and scien-tific situation in Transoxiana, and the activities of diverse religions, sects and philosophical schools in this region in A.H. V-VI/C.E. XI-XII. In the second chapter, it studies al-Ṣaffār’s life, scientific personality, works as well as the sources that he made references to in his works in detail. In the third chapter, the kalām method of al-Ṣaffār has been tried to be determined. For this purpose, it analyzes his extant works, Talkhīṣ al-adilla li-qawāʿid al-tawḥīd and Risālah fī al-kalām and elaborates first at his defense of the Kalām that gives a great importance to rea-son (ʿaql) and to intellectual debates, if necessary, in theological issues. Then it explores his theory of knowledge with his ideas on the definition, possibility, sources and types of knowledge, and the epistemological understandings he defensed or criticised. Furthermore, to determine his Kalām method, it evaluates his approach towards the value of ‘aql and naql (Qurʾān-Ḥadīth) as sources of knowledge. Since this issue is a distinctive tool for unveiling the kalām methods of different mutakallims and Muslim sects. Finally, it finds out the types of is-tidlāl, meaning inference of one thing from the other that he used when he argues and defends his views, and illustrates with examples.Turkish Abstract: Ebu Ishâk Ibrâhim ez-Zâhid es-Saffâr, Mâturidi kelâm anlayisinin onemli bir temsilcisidir. O, Mâturidiligin ortaya ciktigi sosyokulturel cevre olan Mâ-verâunnehir bolgesinin Buhara sehrinde, takriben 450/1058 yilinda dogdu, ogren-imini burada tamamladi ve Merv sehrine surgune gonderilinceye kadar Buhara Hanefi âlimlerinin reisi olarak anildi. Surgun donusu Buhara’da 534/1139 yilin-da vefat etti. Bu calismada, onun kelâm yontemi konu edildi. Giris bolumunde; arastirmanin konusu, onemi, amaci, yontemi ve kaynaklari hakkinda bilgi ver-ildi. Saffâr’in yasamini surdurdugu Mâverâunnehir bolgesinin V. (XI.) ve VI. (XII.) yuzyillardaki siyasi, sosyoekonomik ve ilmi durumu ile bolgede varlik gosteren din, mezhep ve felsefi akimlarin etkinlikleri birinci bolumde tespit edildi. Ikinci bolumunde onun hayati, ilmi kisiligi, eserleri ve atif yaptigi kaynak-lar belirlendi. Son bolumde ise Saffâr’in kelâm yontemi tanilmaya calisildi. Bunun icin onun gunumuze ulasan Telḫiṣu’l-edille li-ḳavâʿidi’t-tevḥid ve Risâle fi’l-kelâm adli kelâm eserleri tahlil edilerek oncelikle itikadi konularda akla deger vermeyi ve gerektiginde fikri tartismalara girmeyi savunan kelâm ilmine bakisi ve kelâm mudâfaasi tespit edildi. Daha sonra bilgi teorisi kapsamina giren bilginin tanimi, imkâni, kaynaklari ve bilgi turleri hakkindaki gorusleri ile savundugu ve elestirdigi bilgi anlayislari belirlendi. Ayrica onun kelâm yont-emini ortaya koyabilmek adina aklin ve naklin bilgisel degeri konusuna bakisi ele alindi. Zita bu husus, mutekellimlerin ve Islâm mezheplerinin yontemlerinde belirleyicidir. Son olarak goruslerini temellendirirken ve savunurken Saffâr’in kullandigi istidlâl turleri belirlendi ve orneklerle tanitildi.

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